Stronger Together|Built for America's Future

    Community Resource

    A DATA CENTER IS BEING PROPOSED
    IN MY COMMUNITY.
    NOW WHAT?

    This plain-English guide helps residents understand what's happening, ask the right questions, find information, and engage effectively in decisions that affect your community.

    About This Toolkit

    The American Digital Infrastructure Coalition provides this toolkit as an educational resource for communities. We are not attorneys, and this does not constitute legal advice. We aim to provide factual, balanced information that helps communities make informed decisions. We believe communities deserve credible information regardless of whether they ultimately support or oppose specific projects.

    Questions to Ask

    Essential questions for developers, utilities, and local officials when a data center is proposed in your community.

    For the Developer

    • 1What is the total electrical load (in MW) this facility will require?
    • 2What cooling technology will be used, and what is the projected water consumption?
    • 3How many construction jobs and permanent jobs will be created, and at what wage levels?
    • 4What is the projected property tax contribution to our jurisdiction?
    • 5What noise mitigation measures will be implemented?
    • 6What community benefits or agreements are you prepared to offer?
    • 7What is your timeline for construction and operation?
    • 8Have you engaged with similar communities about their experiences with your projects?

    For Your Utility

    • 1Will new generation or transmission infrastructure be required to serve this project?
    • 2How will the costs of new infrastructure be allocated among customers?
    • 3Will existing ratepayers see any impact on their electric bills?
    • 4Is there sufficient existing capacity, or will upgrades be needed?
    • 5What is the timeline for any required infrastructure improvements?
    • 6Has an independent cost-benefit analysis been conducted?

    For Local Government

    • 1What tax incentives or abatements are being offered, and what are we getting in return?
    • 2What zoning changes or variances are being requested?
    • 3What infrastructure improvements (roads, water, sewer) will the project require?
    • 4How will increased demand on local services be addressed?
    • 5Are there clawback provisions if job commitments are not met?
    • 6What public input opportunities exist in the approval process?

    Understanding Key Terms

    Plain-English explanations of technical terms you'll encounter in data center discussions.

    MW (Megawatt)
    A unit of power equal to one million watts. A typical large data center might use 100-500 MW continuously — enough to power tens of thousands of homes.
    PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness)
    A metric measuring data center energy efficiency. PUE of 1.0 means all power goes to computing. Typical modern facilities achieve 1.1-1.4.
    WUE (Water Usage Effectiveness)
    Metric measuring water consumed per unit of computing. Lower is better. Varies dramatically by cooling technology choice.
    Hyperscaler
    Very large cloud and AI companies (Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Meta) that operate massive data center portfolios globally.
    Interconnection
    The process of connecting a new facility to the electric grid. Can take years in congested regions due to transmission constraints.
    Special Tariff
    Utility rate structure designed specifically for very large electricity customers, intended to ensure they pay full marginal cost of service.
    PILOT (Payment In Lieu Of Taxes)
    Agreement where a company makes fixed payments to local government instead of paying standard property taxes. Terms vary widely.
    Community Benefit Agreement
    Negotiated agreement between developer and community specifying benefits, commitments, and accountability mechanisms.

    Finding Information

    Where to look for official documents, filings, and data about proposed projects.

    Public Utility Commission

    Rate cases, tariff proceedings, interconnection applications, and cost allocation dockets.

    Where to look: State PUC/PSC website — search by utility name or docket number

    Local Planning/Zoning Department

    Site plans, variance requests, environmental reviews, and conditional use permits.

    Where to look: City/county planning department website or office

    County Clerk / Recorder

    Property records, deed transfers, and recorded agreements.

    Where to look: County clerk website — search by parcel number or address

    SEC Filings (for publicly traded companies)

    Material project disclosures in 10-K and 10-Q reports.

    Where to look: SEC EDGAR database — search by company name

    City Council / County Commission Meetings

    Minutes, recordings, and agenda items related to project approvals.

    Attend meetings, request records under open records laws.

    Where to look:

    News Archives

    Local newspaper coverage, press releases, and public statements.

    Where to look: Local news websites, library archives, Google News alerts

    Navigating Public Approval Processes

    How decisions get made and how you can participate effectively.

    1

    Early Awareness

    Projects often appear first as rumors, real estate purchases, or preliminary filings. Stay informed through local news and planning commission agendas.

    2

    Information Gathering

    Request available documents from planning department, utility, and county clerk. Understand the formal proposal before forming opinions.

    3

    Public Comment Periods

    Most processes have designated windows for public input. Mark these dates early and prepare written comments.

    4

    Public Hearings

    Attend hearings, sign up to speak, keep comments focused and factual. Bring neighbors — organized presence matters.

    5

    Commission/Council Votes

    Final decision points. Continue engagement until votes are cast. Follow up on any conditions attached to approval.

    6

    Ongoing Monitoring

    Post-approval monitoring ensures conditions are met. Track construction milestones, hiring, and community commitments.

    Have a Question About a Project?

    The ADIC accepts questions, concerns, tips, and research suggestions from community members nationwide. Anonymous submissions accepted.

    Continue Learning

    Explore our issue analyses, research library, and national project database for more in-depth information.

    Source: American Digital Infrastructure Coalition Community Toolkit
    Purpose: Educational resource for community members
    Last Updated: August 17, 2026
    Note: This toolkit does not constitute legal advice. Consult qualified professionals for decisions affecting your rights.